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To: stefano@bicar.it
From: atel@astronomerstelegram.org
Subject: ATel  17942, 17943
Message-Id: <20260806070547.0ED7A2880532@server.astronomerstelegram.org>
Date: Thu,  6 Aug 2026 03:05:47 -0400 (EDT)

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ATEL #17942							     ATEL #17942

Title:	Observing session on Comet P10/Tempel during an earthquake
		at the Kottamia Astrophysical Observatory (MPC Q62, Egypt)
Author:	Mohamed Aboushelib (National Research Institute of Astronomy
		and Geophysics, Egypt), Abdelaziz Eid (National Research Institute
		of Astronomy and Geophysics, Egypt), Costantino Sigismondi (ICRANet
		and UPRA, Rome Italy), Federico Manzini (Stazione Astronomica di Sozzago,
		Italy),  Raoul Behrend (Observatoire de Geneve, Switzerland), Virginio
		Oldani (Stazione Astronomica di Sozzago, Italy), David Augustin (Anglet,
		France), Luigi R. Bedin (OAPd–INAF, Italy) 
Queries:	manzini.ff@aruba.it
Posted:	5 Aug 2026; 13:38 UT
Subjects:Optical, Comet

On the night of 3 August 2026 at 00:00:37 UTC, a strong earthquake of magnitude
5.4 struck Egypt, with its epicenter near the Kottamia Astronomical Observatory,
83.5 km to the northeast. The event was recorded by the INGV seismometer
network and reported by the control center in Rome. 
https://terremoti.ingv.it/en/event/46752922 
It was also detected by NRIAG (Egypt) seismometers. 
https://ensn.nriag.sci.eg/en/origins/1046/event 
That same night, the Kottamia 1.88 m telescope was used by the team led
by Mohamed Aboushelib of NRIAG, under the guidance of Federico Manzini,
to observe Comet 10P/Tempel as it approached perihelion at 1.418 AU on
2 August 2026 and perigee at 0.414 AU on 4 August 2026. Nightly observations
since May 2026 have revealed the morphology of Comet 10P's inner coma,
including jets, shells, and fans, supporting analysis of its rotation period
(ATel 17831).

Images acquired during the earthquake are available here: 
https://web.oapd.inaf.it/bedin/files/PAPERs_eMATERIALs/ATel/10P/

and https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1O44wDk_MW0H52MU995R_Y7hlCi59Ku31/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=115860204555202031936&rtpof=true&sd=true

The images show the earthquake's effects: the telescope moved, causing
a sudden shift in pointing along a path visible in the frame. The seismic
shock produced a sharp gap between two bright images separated by 18.67
arcsec at a position angle of 176.41 degrees. These measurements were derived
from all sufficiently bright Gaia stars in the field of view. The bright
star below the comet is TYC 6956-94-1, with magnitudes V=10.87 and B=11.44.

The observing night of 3 August 2026 concluded the Kottamia Observatory
campaign on Comet 10P, which began on 22 May 2026.

Accompanying material on Comet 10P/Tempel: https://web.oapd.inaf.it/bedin/files/PAPERs_eMATERIALs/ATel/10P/
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Password Certification: Costantino Sigismondi (sigismondi@icra.it)
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ATEL #17943							     ATEL #17943

Title:	Fermi-LAT detection of further gamma-ray brightening in the
		radio galaxy NGC 1275
Author:	P. Monti-Guarnieri (University of Trieste and INFN Trieste),
		A. Zaccaro (University of Bari and INFN Bari), on behalf of the Fermi
		Large Area Telescope Collaboration
Queries:	pietro.monti-guarnieri@phd.units.it
Posted:	5 Aug 2026; 20:12 UT
Subjects:Gamma Ray, >GeV, Request for Observations, AGN

In ATel #17937, we reported the Fermi-LAT detection of renewed activity
from the radio galaxy NGC 1275, with a daily averaged gamma-ray flux (E>100MeV)
of (1.8+/-0.2) X 10^-6 photons cm^-2 s^-1 (statistical uncertainty only),
observed on August 01, 2026.

Preliminary analysis indicates that this source further brightened on August
04, 2026, reaching a daily averaged gamma-ray flux (E>100MeV) of (4.5 +/-
0.3) X 10^-6 photons cm^-2 s^-1 (statistical uncertainty only). This corresponds
to a flux increase of a factor of more than 10 relative to the average
flux reported in the fourth data release of the fourth Fermi-LAT catalog
(4FGL-DR4, Ballet et al. 2023, arXiv:2307.12546). This is a factor of 2.5
brighter than observed on August 01. The corresponding photon index is
1.98 +/- 0.05, indicating a harder spectrum than the 4FGL-DR4 value of
2.12 +/ 0.01. This is the highest LAT daily flux ever observed for this
source. Further analysis on shorter timescales reveals that the peak 6-hr
flux was (6.0+/-0.7) X 10^-6 photons cm^-2 s^-1, observed in the time interval
from 00:00:00 UT to 06:00:00 UT on August 04.

The spectral hardening led to the detection of nine high-energy photons
associated with the source at a confidence level p > 0.999. The highest
energy event was a 100 GeV photon observed on August 04 at 04:21:08 UT.
Further likelihood analysis of the >10 GeV data over the period from August
03, 23:00:00 UT to August 04, 05:00:00 UT revealed a flux of (1.5 +/- 0.5)
X 10^-7 photons cm^-2 s^-1, a 100-fold increase over the 4FGL-DR4 catalog
value of (1.47 +/- 0.01) X 10^-9 photons cm^-2 s^-1. The Fermi-LAT Collaboration
has previously reported flaring activity from this source in ATels #17937,
#16988, #8219, #8219, #4753, and #2737.

Because Fermi normally operates in an all-sky scanning mode, regular gamma-ray
monitoring of this source will continue. A preliminary estimation of the
daily gamma-ray flux observed by Fermi-LAT is publicly available via the
LAT Daily Monitored Source List ( <a href="https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/msl_lc/source/NGC_1275">NGC_1275</a>
). A preliminary light curve for NGC 1275 can be accessed via the Fermi-LAT
Light-Curve Repository at <a href="https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/LightCurveRepository/source.html?source_name=4FGL_J0319.8+4130">this
link</a>. We encourage multifrequency observations of this source. The
Fermi-LAT contact persons for this source are J. Kataoka (kataoka.jun at
waseda.jp) and C.C. Cheung (chi.c.cheung2.civ at us.navy.mil).

The Fermi-LAT is a pair conversion telescope designed to cover the energy
band from 20 MeV to greater than 300 GeV. It is the product of an international
collaboration between NASA and DOE in the U.S. and many scientific institutions
across France, Italy, Japan and Sweden.

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